Origin and Evolution of life Quiz-13
Dear Readers,
NEET is the most famous and important medical entrance examination held in our country. This exam is an objective type, an offline test which includes 4 sections namely– Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology. The maximum marks that can be scored are 720 marks and have 180 questions.
About half of the paper consists of questions from Biology, as the NEET exam essentially focuses on capacitating students to go for seats in medical courses. One of the most significant and crucial sections in the NEET exam is of Biology. It comprises of theories, descriptions, discoveries, diagrams, definitions, explanations of differences, and relations. The majority of the topics covered in the NEET syllabus are from the NCERT syllabus of Class 11 & 12 and other related sources become part of the rest of the syllabus.
Clear Exam curates a list of articles selected by professionals who recommend the highly vital topics for NEET exams. The table below takes you directly to the respective topic where the in-depth article and the MCQs are available for an easy and productive learning experience. Prior to solving NEET question papers or practicing mock tests, you must ensure to study the basic concepts in NEET and practice a few sample questions related to this exam. Students will be covered for all their studies as the topics are available from basics to even the most advanced.
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Q1. 
Solution
Q2. How Australopithecus skull differs from the skull of modern man?
Solution
Australopithecus skull differs from the skull of modern man as follows (i) On the basis of age (ii) Basis of shape and size of skull (iii) On the basis of length of skull
Australopithecus skull differs from the skull of modern man as follows (i) On the basis of age (ii) Basis of shape and size of skull (iii) On the basis of length of skull
Q3. What kind of variation contributes to the height of animals?
Solution
Continuous Variations Continuous variations are minute variations, which occurs in graded series. They fluctuate an either side of the average condition and differ only slightly from one another
Continuous Variations Continuous variations are minute variations, which occurs in graded series. They fluctuate an either side of the average condition and differ only slightly from one another
Q4. Which of the following statements are correct? I. Bird originated 150 million years ago II. Mammals originated 200 million years ago III. Multicellular organisms 1 billion years ago The correct combination is
Solution
The basic timeline of 4.6 billion year old Earth, with approximate dates (i) 3.6 billion years of simple cells (prokaryotes) (ii) 3.4 billion years of cyanobacteria performing photosynthesis (iii) 2 billion years of complex cells (eukaryotes) (iv) 1 billion years of multicellular life (v) 600 billion years of simple animals (vi) 570 million years of arthropods (ancestors of insects, arachnids and crustaceans) (vii) 550 million years of complex animals (viii) 500 million years of fish and proto-amphibians (ix) 475 million years of land plants (x) 400 million years of insects and seeds(xi) 360 million years of amphibians (xii) 300 million years of reptiles (xiii) 200 million years of mammals (xiv) 150 million years of birds (xv) 130 million years of flowers (xvi) 66 million years since, the dinosaurs died out (xvii) 20 million years since, the appearance of the Hominoidae (great apes) (xviii) 2.5 million years since, the appearance of the family Hominoidae (great apes) (xix) 20 million years since, the appearance of the genus Homo (human predecessors) (xx) 20,000 years since, the appearance of anatomically modern humans (xxi) 25,000 years since, the disappearance of neanderthal traits from the fossil record (xxii) 13,000 years since, the disappearance of Homo floresiensis from the fossil record
The basic timeline of 4.6 billion year old Earth, with approximate dates (i) 3.6 billion years of simple cells (prokaryotes) (ii) 3.4 billion years of cyanobacteria performing photosynthesis (iii) 2 billion years of complex cells (eukaryotes) (iv) 1 billion years of multicellular life (v) 600 billion years of simple animals (vi) 570 million years of arthropods (ancestors of insects, arachnids and crustaceans) (vii) 550 million years of complex animals (viii) 500 million years of fish and proto-amphibians (ix) 475 million years of land plants (x) 400 million years of insects and seeds(xi) 360 million years of amphibians (xii) 300 million years of reptiles (xiii) 200 million years of mammals (xiv) 150 million years of birds (xv) 130 million years of flowers (xvi) 66 million years since, the dinosaurs died out (xvii) 20 million years since, the appearance of the Hominoidae (great apes) (xviii) 2.5 million years since, the appearance of the family Hominoidae (great apes) (xix) 20 million years since, the appearance of the genus Homo (human predecessors) (xx) 20,000 years since, the appearance of anatomically modern humans (xxi) 25,000 years since, the disappearance of neanderthal traits from the fossil record (xxii) 13,000 years since, the disappearance of Homo floresiensis from the fossil record
Q5.Mark the correct statements
I. Fitness of individuals means reproductive fitness
II. Homology in vertebrae brain indicates common ancestry
III. Theory of acquired character was given by de Vries
IV. After industrialization, the white moth did not survive due to predators
The correct option is
Solution
Theory of acquired character was given by Lamarck also called Lamarckism. Mutational theory of evolution was given by Hugo de Vries which states that sudden inheritable change is the cause of evolution. Industrial melanism was highlighted by Biston betularia. It is an excellent example of natural selection during post industralisation period, the tree trunks become dark due to industrial smoke and sorts. Under these conditions the white winged moth did not survive due to predators (dark-winged or melanised moth). Before industrialization set in, thick growth of almost white-coloured lichen covered the trees. In that background, the white winged moth survived but the dark-coloured moth were picked out by the predators. Hence, moths that were able to camouflage themselves, i.e., hide in the background, survived. This understanding was supported by the fact that in areas, where industrialization did not occur, e.g., in rural areas, the count of melanic moths was low. Remembers that no variant was completely wiped out
Theory of acquired character was given by Lamarck also called Lamarckism. Mutational theory of evolution was given by Hugo de Vries which states that sudden inheritable change is the cause of evolution. Industrial melanism was highlighted by Biston betularia. It is an excellent example of natural selection during post industralisation period, the tree trunks become dark due to industrial smoke and sorts. Under these conditions the white winged moth did not survive due to predators (dark-winged or melanised moth). Before industrialization set in, thick growth of almost white-coloured lichen covered the trees. In that background, the white winged moth survived but the dark-coloured moth were picked out by the predators. Hence, moths that were able to camouflage themselves, i.e., hide in the background, survived. This understanding was supported by the fact that in areas, where industrialization did not occur, e.g., in rural areas, the count of melanic moths was low. Remembers that no variant was completely wiped out
Q6. Which of the following natural process is likely to fasten organic evolution?
Solution
As per modern synthetic theory of evolution, there are five basic factors involved in the process of organic evolution: 1.Gene mutation 2.Changes in chromosome structure and number 3.Genetic recombinations 4.Natural selection 5.Reproductive isolation The first three factors are responsible for providing genetic variability and the last two are responsible for giving direction to the evolutionary processes.
As per modern synthetic theory of evolution, there are five basic factors involved in the process of organic evolution: 1.Gene mutation 2.Changes in chromosome structure and number 3.Genetic recombinations 4.Natural selection 5.Reproductive isolation The first three factors are responsible for providing genetic variability and the last two are responsible for giving direction to the evolutionary processes.
Q7.Select the wrong pair
Solution
Spallanzani disapproved the theory of abiogenesis (spontaneous generation) Spallanzani’s Experiment He experimented that animal and vegetable broths boiled for the several hours and soon after sealed, were never infested with microorganisms. From this experiment the concluded that, high temperature had killed all living organisms in the broths and without them life did not appear. When the broths were left exposed to air, it was soon invaded by microorganisms
Spallanzani disapproved the theory of abiogenesis (spontaneous generation) Spallanzani’s Experiment He experimented that animal and vegetable broths boiled for the several hours and soon after sealed, were never infested with microorganisms. From this experiment the concluded that, high temperature had killed all living organisms in the broths and without them life did not appear. When the broths were left exposed to air, it was soon invaded by microorganisms
Q8.Which of the following statement is correct about Australopithecus
Solution
Australopithecus is also called the first ape man Some of its characteristics are as follows (i) They were about 1.5 m high and had human as well as ape characters (ii) They possessed was bipedal locomotion, omnivorous diet and had erected posture (iii) Their brain capacity was about 500 cc similar to that of ape (iv) They lived in caves. There was the lumber occur in their back (v) They hunted with simple weapons like stones. They lived in East African region about 3.2 mya
Australopithecus is also called the first ape man Some of its characteristics are as follows (i) They were about 1.5 m high and had human as well as ape characters (ii) They possessed was bipedal locomotion, omnivorous diet and had erected posture (iii) Their brain capacity was about 500 cc similar to that of ape (iv) They lived in caves. There was the lumber occur in their back (v) They hunted with simple weapons like stones. They lived in East African region about 3.2 mya
Q9.Development of similar adaptive functional structural features in an unrelated group of organism is called
Solution
Adaptive radiation or adaptive convergence both forms are used interchangeably for the divergent evolution
Adaptive radiation or adaptive convergence both forms are used interchangeably for the divergent evolution
Q10. Which of the following is a unit of natural selection?
Solution
Natural selection is the differential success in reproduction and it leads to the adaptation of organisms to their environment. Thus, natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the population
Natural selection is the differential success in reproduction and it leads to the adaptation of organisms to their environment. Thus, natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the population
